Internal combustion engine



28, 1933. r T|BBETT$ I 1,899,447

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 29, 1929 Patented Feb. 28, 1933 UNITED STATE PATENT OFFICE urmonrmnnrrs, or nn'rnornmr'cnrean, assrenonro PACKARD moron. can. conr-amr, or nn'rnorr, mcnrcan, a conromrron or MICHIGAN INTERNAL comaus'rron Enema- Application filed April 29, 1929. Serial No. 358,971.

This invention relates tolinternal combustion engines and more particularly to the type of engines in which explosions occur. through heat of compression. L

In four-cycle engines of the solid fuel injection type where liquid fuel and air are introduced separately into and mixed in the working cylinders there are two main difliculties encountered when the engine is designed for high speed work, namely, the introduction of a suflicient quantity of air during the suction stroke to produce complete combustion of the maximum fuel charge, and the equal distribution of the liquid fuel in the compressed air during the compression stroke.

An object of my invention is to provide an efficient engine of the class described in which i the above difficulties have been overcome.

, charge.

A further object of my invention is to provide a solid fuel injection engine having an offset explosion chamber with which an air inlet passageis arranged to cause turbulence within the cylinder such that the fuel will be uniformly distributed in the compressed air previous to ignition.

Still another object of the invention isto provide a four-cycle engine having an ofiset explosion chamber into which air and liquid fuel are introduced in a manner to obtain complete combustion when the engine is running at high speeds.-

Other objects of the inventionwill appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawing forming a. part of the specification, in which:

Fig. 1 is a medial vertical sectional view of. an engine cylinder incorporating the inters of reference, 10 represents a water cooled .purposes.

adapted for engines of the type in which air cylinder of an internal combustion engine in which the piston 11 is arranged to reciprocate, the piston having a rod extending into the crank case 13 and attached thereto by the pin 14. An oil filler tube 15 is arranged at one side of the cylinder while mechanism 16, for operating the valve 17, is arranged at the opposite side of the cylinder.

A. partially offset. head is arranged at the top of the cylinder so that the combustion chamber 18 extends partially above the cylindrical portion of the cylinder and partially offset therefrom. The cylinder head is formed by the member 19 and an offset. portion'20 extending from one side of the end of the cylinder. The member 19 is secured to the cylinder structure by means of the bolts 21, suitable leak preventing means being associated between the head member and the cylinder. The head closure member is formed to extend directly across a portion of the open end of the cylinder and to slope upwardly froma line centrally across the cylinder, such sloping portion continuingits rise substantially to the extreme offset portion of thehead where it curves into a vertical end wall. It will be seen that the combustion chamber therefore starts approximately centrally of the cylinder and increases in area across the remainder of the cylinder and its extension -20.

In order to obtain sufiicient air ina fourcycle engine so that there will be complete combustion of the maximum fuel charge when running at a high speed, I provide a passage 22 through the'wall of the oflz'set portion of the chamber which is formed and arranged to assist in the movement of a desired quantity of air therethrough, and also, to assist in directing the air to impart turbulence after entrance in thecylinder for carburetion This invention is particularly and liquid fuel are introduced separately and directly into the combustion chamber. The

passage 22 is in theform of a venturi and extends tangentially of the cylinder and at one side of the combustion chamber-wall. The passage is furthermore formed to extend upward at an angle inclined to the axis of the cylinder. It will therefore be seen that the through the passage, while the angular and tangential arrangement will cause incoming air to strike the curved top of the chamber,

which deflects it into the cylinder so that it will rotate spirally therein without any substantial loss in speed, except for friction,

until compressed to fuel ignition temperature by the piston.

The valve 17 has a stem which is associated with the tappet 16, and a coil spring 23 normally retains the valve closed against the seat 24 at the junction of the passage and the combustion chamber. The tappet 16 is operated from the crank shaft by conventional mechanism (not shown).

An injection nozzle 25 extends through the wall'of the offset portion of the combustion chamber and is arranged to extend transversely to the direction of rotation of compressed air in the chamber. The injection device can be of a conventional type which will finely atomize li uid fuel and project it into the chamber un er a high pressure so that it will penetrate substantially to the axis of the compressed air rotating in the combustion chamber prior to ignition. The valve 17 is arranged to be held 0 en during the exhaust and intake strokes o the piston and to be closed during the compression and working strokes of the piston.

The engine illustrated is known generally as the Ricardo head type, the advantages of which are well lmow in the industry, and it is with this type ofengine that I have provided for the introduction of a proper quantity of air and its circulation which results in comlete combustion through compression at a igh speed.

t will be understood that various forms of the invention other than that described above may be used without departing from o the spirit or scope of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine in.

which air fuel are introduced separately into the combustion chamber, a cylinder structure having a piston bore extending therethrough and an. offset wall portion extending from one end thereof normal to the axis of the bore, a head extending across the end of the cylinder structure formed with the offset wall, said head having a curved inner wall surface forming a combustion chamber with the cylinder structure .which partially overlies the cylinder bore,.a ir inlet passage means leading into the combustion chamber at an angle to direct the incoming air against the curved inner surface of the head at a point overlying the cylinder bore, and means for injecting charges of liquid fuel into the combustion chamber. l

2. In an internal combustion engineof the type in which liquid fuel and air are introduced separately into the combustion chamber, a cylinder structure having a piston bore extending therethrough and formed with an offset wall portion extending from one end thereof normal to the axis of the bore, a head extending across the end of the cylinder structure formed with the offset wall, said head having an inner wall surface forming with the cylinder structure a combustion chamber which extendsover the offset wall and partially over the cylinder bore, the inner wall portion of the head beyond the bore extending at an angle from the axis thereof, air inlet passage means leading into the combustion chamber at an angle to direct incoming air against theinner wall portion of the head overlying the cylinder bore, and means for injecting charges of atomized liquid fuel into the combustion chamber.-

3. In an internal combustion engine of the type in which air and liquid fuel are introduced separately into the combustion chamber, a cylinder structure having a piston bore extending therethrough and a laterally extending wall portion at one end thereof, a head extending across the end ofthe cylinder structure having an offset wall, said head having an inner surface formingwith the cylinder structure a combustion chamber partially overlyin the cylinder bore and the laterally extending wall portion, the inner wall portion of the head overlying the bore extending at an angle from the ad acent end of the bore, an air inlet Venturi passage leading into the combustion chamber and extending through the laterally extending wall portion of the cylinder structure, said passage extending at an angle to the cylinder bore and in a relation to direct incoming air against the inner wall of the head portion overlyin the bore, and means for injecting atomized charges of liquid fuel into the combustion chamber.

4. In an internal combustion en ine of the type in which air and fuel are mtroduced separately into the combustion chamber, 'a cylinder structure having a piston bore extending therethrough and an offset wall portion extending from one end of the bore and normal to the axis thereof, a head extending across the end of the cylinder structure formed with the offset wall, said head having an inner surface forming with the cylinder structure a combustion chamber overlying the offset wall portion and a portion of the bore, a passage leading through the offset wall portion or directing the incoming air against the inner wall of the head overlying the cylinder bore, said passage being arranged to direct the incoming air against one side of the head wall overlying the bore to cause rotation of the air upon deflection into the cylinder bore, and means for injecting atomized charges of liquid fuel into the combustion chamber.

5. In a compression-ignition type of engine in which air and fuel are introduced separately into the combustion chamber, a cylinder structure having a piston bore extending therethrough and an offset wall portion extending laterally from one end thereof, a head extendingacross the end of the cylinder structure formed withthe offset wall, said head having an interiorly curved wall surface forming with the cylinder structure a combustion chamber which overlies a portion of the cylinder bore and the offset wall portion, the interior wall of the head form- 7 ing the combustion chamber extending at an angle from the end of the cylinder bore, an air inlet passage leading into the combustion chamber, a piston in the cylinder bore, the inner head wall forming the combustion chamber extending in a direction to deflect compressed air forced into the combustion chamber by the piston toward the offset wall, and means for injecting atomized charges of liquid fuel across the combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

MILTON TIBBETTS. 

